Environment

Environment [ Ecology ]
Adjective: Environmental
Adverb: Environmentally

Dictionary of botanic terminology - index of names


	In ecology the environment is the totality of circumstances and conditions surrounding an organism or group of organisms,

The environment may be defined as the complex of external conditions (like sunlight, air, water, soil, and other living beings.) that acts upon an organism and affect and influence its growth, development, and survival and determines its habit (form).

Environmental conditions [ Ecology - Climatology ]
Synonym: Environmental factor, External factors, Environmental features, External condition, Climatic condition

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Holdfast roots [ Botany ]
Dictionary of botanic terminology - index of names

Some species of climbing plants develop holdfast roots which help to support the vines on trees, walls, and rocks. By forcing their way into minute pores and crevices, they hold the plant firmly in place.

Climbing plants, like the poison ivy (Toxicodendron radicans), Boston ivy (Parthenocissus tricuspidata), and trumpet creeper (Campsis radicans), develop holdfast roots which help to support the vines on trees, walls, and rocks. By forcing their way into minute pores and crevices, they hold the plant firmly in place. Usually the Holdfast roots die at the end of the first season, but in some species they are perennial. In the tropics some of the large climbing plants have hold-fast roots by which they attach themselves, and long, cord-like roots that extend downward through the air and may lengthen and branch for several years until they strike the soil and become absorbent roots.

Major references and further lectures:
1) E. N. Transeau “General Botany” Discovery Publishing House, 1994