Micropropagation

Micropropagation [ Botany - Horticulture ]	Dictionary of botanic terminology - index of names
Synonyms: In vitro culture, Clonation.

Micropropagation is the practice of rapidly multiplying stock plant material to produce a large number of progeny plants using modern plant tissue culture methods.

Micropropagation is a miniaturized form of plant in vitro multiplication and/or regeneration (creation of offspring through asexual reproduction ) commonly used in modern horticultural technology: The micropropagation process uses the regenerative powers of individual cells and plants tissues to regenerate compete plant under under aseptic and controlled environmental conditions, usually with an accelerated proliferation of shoots during subcultures.
The micropropagation of plant is possible on specially prepared media that contain substances necessary for growth (water, sugar, mineral salt, hormones, ecc)
The kind of explants used in this process are variable and can be single cells or tissues, also the micrpopation can starts from shoot tips, nodal explants, leaves, excised embryos (= embryo culture).

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Holdfast roots [ Botany ]
Dictionary of botanic terminology - index of names

Some species of climbing plants develop holdfast roots which help to support the vines on trees, walls, and rocks. By forcing their way into minute pores and crevices, they hold the plant firmly in place.

Climbing plants, like the poison ivy (Toxicodendron radicans), Boston ivy (Parthenocissus tricuspidata), and trumpet creeper (Campsis radicans), develop holdfast roots which help to support the vines on trees, walls, and rocks. By forcing their way into minute pores and crevices, they hold the plant firmly in place. Usually the Holdfast roots die at the end of the first season, but in some species they are perennial. In the tropics some of the large climbing plants have hold-fast roots by which they attach themselves, and long, cord-like roots that extend downward through the air and may lengthen and branch for several years until they strike the soil and become absorbent roots.

Major references and further lectures:
1) E. N. Transeau “General Botany” Discovery Publishing House, 1994