Pattern

Pattern [ Botany - Morphology ]
(Surface pattern)

Dictionary of botanic terminology - index of names

Surface repetitive design, decoration, variegation, like dots, line, etc...

Many plant organ have characteristic surface repetitive pattern useful for their identification. Many plants cultivars have been selected for the particular beauty of the surface pattern. There are several terms used to describe surface patter. The following are some of the more common terms:

	Venation (Line patterns): Differently coloured or raised linear decoration.
	Punctation (Maculation): Left: Punctation on leaves of Lithops fulviceps var. lactinea

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Holdfast roots [ Botany ]
Dictionary of botanic terminology - index of names

Some species of climbing plants develop holdfast roots which help to support the vines on trees, walls, and rocks. By forcing their way into minute pores and crevices, they hold the plant firmly in place.

Climbing plants, like the poison ivy (Toxicodendron radicans), Boston ivy (Parthenocissus tricuspidata), and trumpet creeper (Campsis radicans), develop holdfast roots which help to support the vines on trees, walls, and rocks. By forcing their way into minute pores and crevices, they hold the plant firmly in place. Usually the Holdfast roots die at the end of the first season, but in some species they are perennial. In the tropics some of the large climbing plants have hold-fast roots by which they attach themselves, and long, cord-like roots that extend downward through the air and may lengthen and branch for several years until they strike the soil and become absorbent roots.

Major references and further lectures:
1) E. N. Transeau “General Botany” Discovery Publishing House, 1994