Flora

(1) Flora [ Ecology ]
Adjective: Floristic

Dictionary of botanic terminology - index of names


	The flora is the plant life, the total of all different plants species of a particular region, formation, geological period, or environment.

It comprises:
Macroflora: Mosses, trees, grasses. etc. and
Microflora: Bacteria, Actinomycetes, Fungi, Algae

The term "Vegetation" is more limited, usually meaning the large vascular plants
The limitation of a flora can be geographical or artificial. For example, the "flora of Mexico" should not include a plant found even a meter outside of its border.

Floristic [ Ecology ]


	With reference to a flora; to all of the plant species that make up the vegetation of a geographic or ecological area or region.

(2) Flora


	Flora is also the complex of bacteria and microorganisms species that inhabit a particular environment, For example: intestinal flora, soil microbial flora etc..

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Holdfast roots [ Botany ]
Dictionary of botanic terminology - index of names

Some species of climbing plants develop holdfast roots which help to support the vines on trees, walls, and rocks. By forcing their way into minute pores and crevices, they hold the plant firmly in place.

Climbing plants, like the poison ivy (Toxicodendron radicans), Boston ivy (Parthenocissus tricuspidata), and trumpet creeper (Campsis radicans), develop holdfast roots which help to support the vines on trees, walls, and rocks. By forcing their way into minute pores and crevices, they hold the plant firmly in place. Usually the Holdfast roots die at the end of the first season, but in some species they are perennial. In the tropics some of the large climbing plants have hold-fast roots by which they attach themselves, and long, cord-like roots that extend downward through the air and may lengthen and branch for several years until they strike the soil and become absorbent roots.

Major references and further lectures:
1) E. N. Transeau “General Botany” Discovery Publishing House, 1994